Mannitol Injection

Mechanism of Action: Increases osmotic pressure in plasma, pulling water out of tissues (e.g., brain, eyes) into the bloodstream to be excreted via kidneys

Uses:

• Cerebral edema and raised intracranial pressure

• Acute glaucoma (to reduce intraocular pressure)

• Promotes diuresis in acute renal failure or drug poisoning

• As a renal flush in certain surgeries or after nephrotoxic drugs

Benefits:

• Fast-acting dehydration of brain tissue and eyes

• Protects kidney function in early renal shutdown

Dosage: Varies based on indication; typically 0.25–2 g/kg IV over 30–60 min

Caution:

• Monitor for fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, renal function

• Use with care in heart failure, severe dehydration, or established kidney damage

• Crystallization may occur at lower temperatures—warm to dissolve and filter before use